FAQ

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Structural steel design is an area of knowledge of structural engineering used to design steel structures. The structures can range from schools to homes to bridges.The second is the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method.

Resistance to deformation based upon:
Material.
Length.
X-section.

Design process :
Preliminary member sizing of beams
Structural analysis – modeling, analysis
Design review – member modifications
Cost of estimation
Preparation of structural drawings and specifications
Loads for structural analysis and design
Dead load
Live load
Mean return period OR
Recurrence interval OR
Live loads for various preoccupies
Reduction in basic design live load
Impact Load
Wind load

Material received at site.
Concrete bases and anchor bolts.
Shims.
Pre-assembly at ground level.
Main construction steel erection (dimension bolt)
Tightening for anchor bolt.
Alignment for structural steel.
Tightening for steel.
Tightening for anchor bolts.
Grouting.
Complete structural steel erection (secondary beams, bracing).
Calibration of wrench and device.
Modification during and after erection includes cutting, welding, NDT,….etc).
Painting inspection.

Lamination.
distortion.
pitting.

Visual inspection.
Dimension inspection.
Verification of heat no and mill certificate pieces of information.

Location.
Orientation.
Elevation.

Minimum 25mm.

Maximum 3 mm.

ASTM A325 N.

Minimum size 20mm.

Max 13 mm.

7 days minimum.

2 bolt minimum required.

Equal to or less than 6mm

D1.1.

Snug¬tightened joint. Pretension joins or slip critical joint.

1 mm per 1m accepted.

Snug tightening, turn of nutpreten sioning calibrated wrench pretensioning or direct¬tension indicator pretensioning

Material grade.
manufacture’s logo

Wax – dipped.

10 mm minimum.

Over 1 meter height.

1 mm.

The important characteristics of steel for design purposes are:
yield stress (Fy).
ultimate stress (Fu).
modulus of elasticity (E).
percent elongation (ε).
coefficient of thermal expansion (α).

Types of structural steel: Various types of structural steel sections and their technical specifications are as follows:
Beams.
Channels.
Angles.
Flats

Steel Beams: Steel Beams is considered to be a structural element which mainly carries load in flexor meaning bending. Usually, beams carry vertical gravitational force but are also capable of carrying horizontal loads generally in the case of an earthquake.
The mechanism of carrying load in a beam is very unique, like; the load carried by a beam is transferred to walls, columns or girders which in turn transfer the force to the adjacent structural compression members. The joists rest on the beam in light frame constructions.

Steel channels: Steel channels are used ideally as supports and guide rails. These are roll-formed products. As a result, The main metal used for making channels is also steel along with aluminum. There are certain variations that are available in the channels category, the categorization is mainly on the shape of the channel, the varieties are mentioned below:
J channels: Above all This kind of channel has two legs and a web. One leg is longer. This channel resembles the letter-J.
Hat channels: This channel has legs that are folded in the outward direction resembling an old-fashioned man’s hat.
U channels: This most common and basic channel variety. It has a base known as a web and two equal length legs.
C channels: In this channel, the legs are folded back in the channel and resemble the letter-C. C channels are known as rests.
Hemmed channels: In this kind of channel the top of the leg is folded hence forming a double thickness.

Application: Steel channels are subjected to a wide array of applications. The application fields are:
Construction.
Appliances.
Transportation.
Used in making Signposts.
Used in wood flooring for athletic purposes.
Used in installing and making windows and doors.